aplay shows card 0 is HDMI.....first arecord device shows as card 1.
check the mic is active and raise volumes for card1
Code:
alsamixer -c1 -Vall
use the -> to navigate to your capture device
press space bar to toggle off or on capture
press page up or arrows to adjust volumes
retest record.
2) you may need to go into pavucontrol and re-config to make your default device analog.
Personally I do not use HDMI so I disable it YMMV