I am studying the SOC's energy comsumption.
And how to get the exactly value from ARM, GPU and DSP built in ?
Is there a register to read out the value, or other ways to get it?

No, there's nothing internal. There should be specs from the manufacturer, and power consumption may be continuously varying.

"Energy" I take to be Wattage. As a cpu is not purely resistive or capacitative, you'd have to measure current. Measuring heat is probably impractical. What you require is probably a ballpark maximum figure which engineers can use for thermal and power supply calculations. I would try to get the smallest series resistor possible in series with the highest voltage supply possible and measure voltage drop. I don't think magnetic current measurement is practical. In practise, round figures are used, e.g. 5W, not 4.8952W. Measuring parts of the SoC is only possible if you can externally disconnect them. Sometimes, the manufacturer helps. For instance:

• i3-3110m, twin core & hd4000 graphics: Specified Wattage = 35W
• Equivalent 4 core device with same graphics: Specified Wattage = 65W

Therefore we can estimate 15W per core & 5W for the sucky GPU.

With a good lab PSU and two multimeters, you should be able to get your small resistor along some length of pcb track, but be sure to calibrate and mark it accurately. The limiting factor is likely how small of a voltage drop can you measure. Set the voltage low, current limit the supply with am ammeter in series, and measure the voltage drop.

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Yes the "Energy" means Wattage.

I am going to make a app to get a power consumption of each thread of any app.
My way is to get a power consumption in a interval which the cpu's frequency changes from one to another.
Then the total of these power sonsumptions in each interval is what we want.

So how to get the each power consumption is the key.

But the information as I got is a different way for different SoC,eg: device tree for arm, rapl for intel x86, and others.
Is there a framework or a way for all SoC ?

You won't do it. The power is part DC, part AC. Re Read my last post when you give up on a software solution. Oh, I'm sure you'll come up with a figure, but it will be rubbish.