What file system is the external drive? If it ext4 or fat mount it to some folder with the
mount command.
If it is a ntfs drive then use
ntfs-3g so that you can read/write to it.
If you want to see if the drive is working right, or if the usb plug is having problems
Then plug the drive in and see if it becomes ready. It will also tell you what the device node is. If it keeps scrolling info, then the usb port may be getting stretched out or damaged.
See the man pages:
man mount
man ntfs-3g
man dmesg
man lsblk
man lspci
man lsusb