Lots of things can go wrong. What are the lights on the ethernet card doing, or not doing when it fails.
If the lights are normal, log in to su, and run ifconfig. Here is an example of the output.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00
0:B7:26:B3:78
inet addr:192.168.1.13 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1663 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1700 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:1193585 (1.1 Mb) TX bytes:216998 (211.9 Kb)
Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000
Look for your ip address. Try using ping command to see if you can reach any otehr machine on your network.
Post your results back.