Don't really know.
If you are using alsa, advanced linux sound architecture, then the absence of the directory does not look good, as does your point about arecord. Oh - hang on, the presence of arecord suggest the presence of alsa. A very simple thing obviously is to run $ alsamixer and see what happens, are the channels muted?
Just looked at the computer's specs type thing on the internet and after the Windows stuff it actually mentions: Ubuntu 9.04 Linux 32-bit as an operating system. (Should we worry about Ubuntu?)
So it might be the line of least resistance to try Ubuntu 9.04 Linux 32-bit - you could just download a live CD, stick it in the CD-drive and see if sound works. If you want the RHEL thing you might then rip off, and get ideas from the Ubuntu configuration files.