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a umask sets the default rights a given user can have on file creatino, execution etc. The most common default umask for a user would be 022, the first 0 is the mask on the user itself, the second the group they are in and the third the rest of the known universe. a 0 means there are no masked permissions, so any file you can create you can execute and red and write to. the 2 means that you can not write to it, so you can only execute and read it. the numbers are
read = 4
write = 2
exec = 1
so you have a unique set up to 7 of posisibilites. see the chmod manpage and such like for more information.
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