. and .. are not just shortcuts of some kind, they're actual physical directory names existing in your file tree. . is defined at the file system level to always refer to the current physical working directory, and .. always refers to the parent of the current directory.
I don't know about csh, but bash, for example, sets an OLDPWD environment variable that holds the last directory you were in. Then you can use "cd -" as a synonym for "cd $OLDPWD". This is in addition to popd/pushd.
So check your shell documentation.
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