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A good way to familiarize youself with the different apps is to open /usr/bin and scroll down through the list. Open a term and type "man <appname> for a basic usage.
Well, I wouldn't go all down through /usr/bin and learn about all those files, that'd sure be a long time, and not really worth it IMO. However, I'd look at the fileutil's apps which are:
chgrp, chmod, chown, cp, dd, df, dir, dircolors, du, install, ln, ls, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, rm, rmdir, shred, sync, touch and vdir
Check out the man on those, they will be the "common" apps for you.
Other way to find available commands on a subject is to run
man -k <keyword>. Try man -k usage, and you'll see what I mean.
It scans database of all commands, and shows one-line description. Initially all commands indicated to belong to section (1) and (8) are of interest to you, most of the rest are entries for programmers and developers.
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