Could somebody explain computer architectures to me?
 

I was wondering if someone could explain all those architectures to me? Here is what I know:

• i386: The Intel processor I think. There are so many types of it, i368, x86 and x64... I don't know really, I find it confusing.
• amd: I don't know what that is, just know that it's supposed to be close to the Intel one?
• PowerPC- used by Macintosh (presumably just to make my life more difficult :P I tried to find a live CD for a PPC which was a pain in the ass)
• and that's about all I know

Could someone explain these better to me, and maybe even tell me why they don't work with each other, and what has to be done to port OSs (like say Ubuntu) from i386 to a PowerPC. They don't have to write it all over again right, that would just be silly? Oh, and I also keep seeing some Sun architecture.. for Solaris? I dunno :o that's why I'm asking :)

A good place to start would be:
http://www.google.com
and
http://en.wikipedia.org

The problem is that Wikipedia and Google don't come close to people who are very knowledgeable about the subject. That's why I go to forums and ask questions there because I like getting laconic answers which are straight to the point.

Also, at forums people give their personal opinion which is very helpful for learning (like "VFAT is a shitty file system" or "that's pointless!" or something), which isn't something found on Wikipedia.

History 101
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices

In a nutshell AMD was a second source for Intel X86 microprocessors and then developed there own PC compatable line.

Where as the PC used Intel, Apple used the Motorola microprocessors until they switched to Intel in 2006.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_68000
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC


And then Sun used Sparc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC

In a nutshell different architectures i.e. Intel vs Motrola etc use different instruction sets so what is written for one will not run on the other.

Aint google wonderful?

But apparently wikipedia isn't any good for this sort of query - hmmmm.
A little less snide remarks and a bit of effort from the OP may have got similar results.

Well, here's a good layout of the x86 and x86_64 architectures:
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questi...3/#post3059123
AMD and Intel have been competing for a long time making processors for this architecture, and x86 in general is by far the most popular architecture ... found in all PCs. x86_64 is an extension or 64-bit version of x86, all processors of this type retain backwards compatibility with x86, and for good reason. Note that Intel's implementation of x86_64 is called EM64T or Intel 64 is slightly different from AMD's implementation called AMD64, see the wiki for more on the differences. They are however, generally compatible with each other under the name x86_64.

As for PowerPC, it is a RISC architecture (reduced instruction set), it is well known as being used by Mac, until Mac switched to x86 in 2006. There exist many comparisons as to cost and benefits of each. For more read the wikis:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_64
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC