If you already have Ubuntu installed, you can install XFCE with:
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
This will get you Ubuntu with a complete xfce desktop. Which means more lightweight programs and a lightweight Desktop Enviroment, but it's still Ubuntu, just with different Programs pre-installed.
Since you only have 40 gigs, you will want to uninstall the unnecessary Ubuntu packages - see this:
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/purexfce
If certain programs are still too slow, simply replace them with more lightweight ones. For example Dillo as Webbrowser. Look at what is packaged into distributions like DSL and Puppy Linux. I do not recommend to install them. They are meant as live cd's, and that's what they do best. But they have a lot of programs that will run great on older hardware, and you can install them through synaptic in Ubuntu.
The only thing that is holding this computer back is the 256mb ram, which is the bare minimum for pretty much all modern operating systems - including windows xp. You will notice a huge improvement if you just get another 256mb ram.