Device driver program

Hi, i am trying to write modular programm,
but when i try to compile i come to know i dont have any files in /usr/src/linux.

i have installed fedora 12 which has 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686.PAE

i am including in my code
linux/kernel.h
linux/module.h

Those are not present directory in /usr/src/linux is not present.

My goal is to compile modular programs.

I am newbie
Please help me how to do .....



Hi i have downloaded kernel-2.6.31.5-127.fc12.src.rpm
i extracted and i found there are lot of patches along with linux-2.6.31.tar.bz2.
I extracted linux-2.6.31.tar.bz2 and copied whole directory linux-2.6.31 to /usr/src/ , The code what i have written is
module1.c
[Code]

#include<linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/module.h>

int init_module(void)
{

printk("In Init module \n");
}

void cleanup_module(void)
{

printk("In Cleanup module \n");
}

[/COLOR]

i compiled using
gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -I /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/ -c module1.c

The error what i am getting is

In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kernel.h:11,
from module1.c:1:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/linkage.h:5:25: error: asm/linkage.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kernel.h:15,
from module1.c:1:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/bitops.h:17:24: error: asm/bitops.h: No such file or directory
In file included from module1.c:1:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kernel.h:21:21: error: asm/bug.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/list.h:6,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:9,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/prefetch.h:14:27: error: asm/processor.h: No such file or directory
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/prefetch.h:15:23: error: asm/cache.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:9,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/list.h:7:24: error: asm/system.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/preempt.h:9,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/time.h:8,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/stat.h:60,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:10,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:56:29: error: asm/thread_info.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/preempt.h:9,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/spinlock.h:50,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/time.h:8,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/stat.h:60,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:10,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:65: warning: ‘struct thread_info’ declared inside parameter list
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:65: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: In function ‘set_ti_thread_flag’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:67: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:70: warning: ‘struct thread_info’ declared inside parameter list
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: In function ‘clear_ti_thread_flag’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:75: warning: ‘struct thread_info’ declared inside parameter list
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: In function ‘test_and_set_ti_thread_flag’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:77: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:80: warning: ‘struct thread_info’ declared inside parameter list
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: In function ‘test_and_clear_ti_thread_flag’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:82: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:85: warning: ‘struct thread_info’ declared inside parameter list
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h: In function ‘test_ti_thread_flag’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/thread_info.h:87: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/seqlock.h:29,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/time.h:8,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/stat.h:60,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:10,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/spinlock.h:364:24: error: asm/atomic.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/time.h:9,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/stat.h:60,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:10,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/math64.h:5:23: error: asm/div64.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:9,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/wait.h:26:25: error: asm/current.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/bitmap.h:8,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/nodemask.h:95,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:16,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/string.h:21:24: error: asm/string.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:18:26: error: linux/bounds.h: No such file or directory
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:20:22: error: asm/page.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:288: error: ‘MAX_NR_ZONES’ undeclared here (not in a function)
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:335: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘atomic_long_t’
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/notifier.h:14,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h:6,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:642,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/rwsem.h:22:65: error: asm/rwsem.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/memory_hotplug.h:6,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:642,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/notifier.h:62: error: field ‘rwsem’ has incomplete type
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:4,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h: In function ‘populated_zone’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:675: error: ‘struct zone’ has no member named ‘present_pages’
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h: In function ‘is_normal’:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmzone.h:724: error: ‘struct zone’ has no member named ‘zone_pgdat’
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:7,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/topology.h:34:26: error: asm/topology.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/gfp.h:8,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/kmod.h:22,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:13,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/mmdebug.h:4:28: error: linux/autoconf.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:14,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/elf.h:7:21: error: asm/elf.h: No such file or directory
In file included from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/tracepoint.h:18,
from /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:19,
from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/rcupdate.h:64:2: error: #error "Unknown RCU implementation specified to kernel configuration"
In file included from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:20:23: error: asm/local.h: No such file or directory
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:22:24: error: asm/module.h: No such file or directory
In file included from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h: At top level:
/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/linux/module.h:714: error: expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token


if i give uname -r i am getting the following

[root@rajguruvin rgv]# uname -r
2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686.PAE

if i give yum install kernel-devel i am getting

[root@rajguruvin rgv]# yum install kernel-devel
Loaded plugins: presto, refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Package kernel-devel-2.6.32.14-127.fc12.i686 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

Where it went wrong.....

Try to add "-I/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/arch/x86/include" to your compiler flags, since /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include does not contain platform specific files.

try running "make menuconfig" in the installed kernel directory and save the configuration. And then build your module

Originally Posted by irmin Try to add "-I/usr/src/linux-2.6.31/arch/x86/include" to your compiler flags, since /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include does not contain platform specific files.

i tried still its not working

[root@rajguruvin rgv]# gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -I /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include -c module1.c
module1.c:1:23: error: asm/kernel.h: No such file or directory
In file included from module1.c:2:
/usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include/asm/module.h:4:32: error: asm-generic/module.h: No such file or directory
/usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include/asm/module.h:59:2: error: #error unknown processor family
[root@rajguruvin rgv]#

"asm" is a symbolic link to architecture specific header files in include directory which is not present by default. make menuconfig creates the link.
then compile yr module using "gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -I /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/ -c module1.c"
think it should work.

Originally Posted by daff_vadi "asm" is a symbolic link to architecture specific header files in include directory which is not present by default. make menuconfig creates the link. then compile yr module using "gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -I /usr/src/linux-2.6.31/include/ -c module1.c" think it should work.

make menuconfig - how to do that?

Originally Posted by vivignesh make menuconfig - how to do that?

Look up the manual for the "make" command-----menuconfig is one of the options?

More generally, have you studied the documentation for GCC (including make)?

Originally Posted by vivignesh i tried still its not working [root@rajguruvin rgv]# gcc -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ -I /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include -c module1.c module1.c:1:23: error: asm/kernel.h: No such file or directory In file included from module1.c:2: /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include/asm/module.h:4:32: error: asm-generic/module.h: No such file or directory /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/include/asm/module.h:59:2: error: #error unknown processor family [root@rajguruvin rgv]#

This is because your kernel source is not configured. Go to the toplevel kernel source directory and type "make oldconfig && make prepare". Then try again.

Furthermore there is no such header file: "asm/kernel.h"
It is called "linux/kernel.h"

Looks like, vvignesh is completely new to kernel. I will spoon feed him

Just do the foll

1) mkdir new_dir
2) cp linux-2.6.31.tar.bz2 new_dir
3) cd new_dir
4) tar xvjf linux-2.6.31.tar.bz2
5) make defconfig
6) make
7) make modules
8) make install modules

You might get an error "No such file or directory at this stage". Create the directory it asks for in /lib/modules/
This will create a new kernel for you and will have an entry in grub

Reboot the system
Select the newly built kernel


1) Now compile your module with

make -C <location_of_new_dir> SUBDIRS=$PWD modules

Create a Makefile
obj-m += <your_module_name.o>