Problems with English? Questions? Vocabulary, grammar... Post here :)
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I agree it sounds ridiculous and grates on the ear, but it's correct.
I can't vouch for Scots, but it is not correct in English. In any language, "correct" means what is accepted by educated speakers.
The objection to "It's me" is that "me" is here an accusative form being used as a subjective complement, which should be nominative. But that depends on defining "me" as an accusative, and the only evidence we have for a definition is usage, which includes "It's me" and "Who, me?" The OED records this usage of "me" as "now colloquial", but as standard from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century. Thus "It is I" is a Middle English form revived by people who thought it was "correct", probably because they were thinking in terms of Latin.
This is a bit of-topic, but the linguist in me cannot be denied!
The definite article is used to indicate that you are referring to a specific thing which the listener can identify:
"the police officer" - the one we were talking about
"the prime minister" - of our own country
"the screwdriver" - the only one in sight
"the Faraway Tree" - the tree to which we have given a name.
Proper names are capitalised, but for some reason, never the article, when present:
"the Indian Ocean"
"the World Bank"
"the Faraway Tree"
I'd go through that site in the order in which they list the topics, since they look as if they've worked it out carefully.
Incidentally, nouns and verbs are parts of speech. Figures of speech are the various "airs and graces" like
antithesis: "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind"
anaphora (repetition at the start of successive elements): "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and the streets, we shall fight in the hills."
Yes, you can, although you may need a capital H. To give some examples local to me, "the Hammersmith Hospital" is the name of an actual hospital, but I could ask "Do you go to the Kensington or the Fulham hospital?", meaning "St Mary's or the Charing Cross Hospital".
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