it can have 2 reasons:
1) file permissions are wrong
2) the file/folder structure is wrong.
let me explain 2) first.
there has to be an index.theme file in /usr/share/icons/<theme-name>/index.theme, and the icons themselves in subfolders. make sure it is so.
and make sure the index.theme file looks sane (compare with e.g. GNOME's index.theme).
1) is harder. you might have to read up on file/folder permissions first.
from a terminal, type
Code:
ls -al /usr/share/icons
but you most probably have to check permissions of the subfolders, too.
on my install, they're
all
Code:
drwxr-xr-x root root
.
there's ways to change that to the proper values recursively with chmod and maybe even chown.