I have an older desktop that I would like to repurpose as an Ubuntu workstation. However, I do not wish to connect it to the internet (currently it does not have a modem or ethernet card, etc. to connect). My question is the following. Is it possible to download from my windows machines updates and patches and additional software for my Ubuntu machine and then transfer the files to install them?

If Ubuntu does not support this is there another distro that might support this scenario better?

If this works it would be a wonderful solution!

Thank you, in advance, for your help.

I believe you could just download the deb packages from the repo servers and manually install them on your Ubuntu. Lot of work, though.

Yes, using APTonCD or with the manual for doing it command line style at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PackageCDs