I assume that this is old news after all of the above:
sudo passwd root
##at the prompt enter your user password
##then at a new prompt, enter the new root password
Note that your admin utilities will still ask you for your primary USER password and not the ROOT password. This to me creates too much confusion.
The BEST way to solve the Ubuntu no-root-user nonsense is to not use Ubuntu. (but that's another story........

)