Quote:
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Originally Posted by jbum
Thanks for the reply. Was there a change in Slackware 12.1? I believe nothing special needed to be done in previous release of Slackware for a user to be able to control the sound.
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First of all, did it work?
Between 12.0 and 12.1 nothing changed in this regard. Between 11.0 and 12.0/12.1, yes, something probably changed. If you use runlevel 3, you will already be placed in the audio group by default (though not 'officially') due to /etc/login.defs, which contains the following:
Code:
# List of groups to add to the user's supplementary group set
# when logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE
# setting). Default is none.
#
# Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain permanent
# access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console.
# How to do it is left as an exercise for the reader...
#
# Most of these groups are self-explanatory.
#
# Note that users are added to these default groups only when
# logging into a shell with /bin/login, not when using a login
# manager such as kdm. In that case, users who should have
# hardware access must be added to the appropriate groups
# when the user is added with adduser or useradd, or by editing
# /etc/group directly.
#
CONSOLE_GROUPS floppy:audio:cdrom:video
This is the same in 12.0 and 12.1, I believe. If you use runlevel 4 (the graphical login), however, you will not automatically be placed in these groups and you may have trouble with audio permissions.
Code:
$ ls -l /dev/audio
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 14, 4 2008-07-13 16:35 /dev/audio
That shows that only the audio group (and root, of course) have access to /dev/audio -- and hence, you must be in the audio group unless you want trouble.
If you use the `adduser` script when adding users, it recommends groups to you, including the plugdev, cdrom, audio and video groups, I believe. In addition, it is mentioned in Slackware-HOWTO on your install CD/DVD:
Quote:
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Originally Posted by Slackware-HOWTO
To make an account for yourself, use the 'adduser' program. To start it,
type 'adduser' at a prompt and follow the instructions. Going with the
default selections for user ID, group ID, and shell should be just fine
for most users. You'll want to add your user to the cdrom, audio, video
plugdev (plugable devices like USB cameras and flash memory) and scanner
groups if you have a computer with multimedia peripherals and want to be
able to access these. Add these group names, comma separated, at the
following prompt:
Additional groups (comma separated) []:
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