It appears that the device was/is formatted with FAT32,
Quote:
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/dev/sdc1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="Philips" TYPE="vfat"
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but is now appearing as FAT16
Quote:
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/dev/sdc1 * 1 32 474300 6 FAT16
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It appears that the two FAT tables are different. I have seen devices that seem to use the second FAT table and do not seem to update the first FAT table. When you plug the device, then the first FAT table is accessed and the device appears to be corrupted.
Try running 'dosfsck -v /dev/sdc1'. It will report any problems.
You can then try fixing problems by running 'dosfsck -rv /dev/sdc1'