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04-13-2011, 02:52 PM
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#1
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LQ Newbie
Registered: Jan 2007
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Distribution: CentOS 4.4
Posts: 11
Rep: 
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Problems booting from USB HD using grub 0.97
I have a working server running CentOS 5.5 (similar to RedHat EL) with the 2.6.18-194.el5 kernel. The hardware is a few years old, but we were able to accomplish this following goal using CentOS 4.4. What I'm trying to do is to back the system up to an external USB hard drive such that it can be booted from for recovery or to then take that drive and restore its contents to a second server with identical hardware. We have been successful implementing this on other server pairs, but I'm having a great deal of trouble getting this to work on this hardware and OS. I'm not using LVM or dual-booting with another OS.
The USB drive is set up with identical partitions to the RAID set, and all the files have been successfully copied over, but I can't get the system to boot from it. Below is what I get when trying to boot from the USB drive:
Code:
Booting 'CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5)'
root (hd0,0)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/
Error 13: Invalid or unsupported executable format
Press any key to continue...
I saw that the 'root=LABEL=/' is wrong for the USB drive, so I entered the menu and edited that entry to read 'root=LABEL=/root-backup' and tried again, but got the same results.
Here are the config files and details:
The RAID set is on /dev/i2o/hda.
The USB drive is /dev/sda.
I used the Boot Info Script ( http://sourceforge.net/projects/bootinfoscript/) to provide some helpful info for troubleshooting. Everything looks right to me, but I don't have a lot of experience with grub. Here are the script's results:
Code:
Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010
============================= Boot Info Summary: ==============================
=> Grub 0.97 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on boot drive #2
in partition #1 for /grub/stage2 and /grub/grub.conf.
sda1: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext3
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs: /grub/menu.lst /grub/grub.conf
sda2: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext3
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs:
sda3: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext3
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files/dirs:
sda4: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sda5: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda6: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext3
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: System started from backup
drive
Boot files/dirs: /etc/fstab
=========================== Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start End Size Id System
/dev/sda1 * 63 208,844 208,782 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 208,845 42,154,559 41,945,715 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 42,154,560 52,645,004 10,490,445 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 52,645,005 143,364,059 90,719,055 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 52,645,068 56,837,969 4,192,902 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 56,838,033 143,364,059 86,526,027 83 Linux
blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/fd0 4DA3-6E16 vfat
/dev/i2o/hda1 d4102e9e-cb0f-48cb-b0dd-8cb4afccc7c2 ext3 /boot
/dev/i2o/hda2 aa1fb026-9136-4ae6-9968-29250349cc54 ext3 /var
/dev/i2o/hda3 bcd15ed4-c686-4ea3-b978-54121b246436 ext3 /tmp
/dev/i2o/hda5 swap SWAP-i2o/hda5
/dev/i2o/hda6 fdf74837-2a62-4a10-9d78-5a639ec1ec51 ext3 /
/dev/sda1 0d189538-02b4-4b0f-bc15-32a13d953aea ext3 /boot-backup
/dev/sda2 a30423a3-cc66-4c31-aab5-d59b3cf4646c ext3 /var-backup
/dev/sda3 7388a479-9371-4868-9cef-1fe7e0293268 ext3 /tmp-backup
/dev/sda5 swap SWAP-backup
/dev/sda6 cd6b03be-9a85-4a6a-b556-6f98d4aee380 ext3 /root-backup
============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: ===========================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/i2o/hda6 / ext3 (rw)
/dev/i2o/hda3 /tmp ext3 (rw)
/dev/i2o/hda2 /var ext3 (rw)
/dev/i2o/hda1 /boot ext3 (rw)
============================= sda1/grub/menu.lst: =============================
default=0
timeout=5
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/root-backup
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img
============================= sda1/grub/grub.conf: =============================
default=0
timeout=5
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=LABEL=/root-backup
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img
=================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ===================
.0GB: grub/grub.conf
.0GB: grub/menu.lst
.0GB: grub/stage2
.0GB: initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img
.0GB: vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5
=============================== sda6/etc/fstab: ===============================
LABEL=/root-backup / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/tmp-backup /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/var-backup /var ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/boot-backup /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-backup swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,fscontext=system_u:object_r:removable_t,exec,noauto,managed 0 0
=========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =======================
Unknown BootLoader on sda4
00000000 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000020 ff ff ff ff ff ff f0 00 00 00 00 0f ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿð.....ÿÿÿÿ|
00000030 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000050 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
00000060 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000080 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff f0 00 ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿð.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
00000090 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
000000b0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 0f ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ...ÿÿÿÿ|
000000c0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
000000e0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
000000f0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000110 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
00000120 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000140 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
00000150 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
00000170 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
00000180 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ|
*
000001a0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff ff ff |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿÿ|
000001b0 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 fe |ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ.þ|
000001c0 ff ff 82 fe ff ff 3f 00 00 00 86 fa 3f 00 00 fe |ÿÿ.þÿÿ?....ú?..þ|
000001d0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff c5 fa 3f 00 8a 48 28 05 00 00 |ÿÿ.þÿÿÅú?..H(...|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............Uª|
00000200
=======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive==============
hdc
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found
mdadm: No arrays found in config file
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04-15-2011, 07:31 AM
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#2
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Moderator
Registered: Jan 2005
Location: Midwest USA, Central Illinois
Distribution: Slackware®
Posts: 10,339
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Moved: This thread is more suitable in <Red Hat> and has been moved accordingly to help your thread/question get the exposure it deserves.
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04-15-2011, 08:29 AM
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#3
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LQ Newbie
Registered: Jan 2007
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Distribution: CentOS 4.4
Posts: 11
Original Poster
Rep:
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Thanks, onebuck. I wasn't sure where to put this. Hopefully, some experienced folks out there can help me out with this one.
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04-18-2011, 03:06 PM
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#4
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LQ Newbie
Registered: Jan 2007
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Distribution: CentOS 4.4
Posts: 11
Original Poster
Rep:
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Alternatively... a boot floppy?
I'm still having no luck with booting from the USB drive, however, something that has been done in the past was to create a boot floppy with grub installed on it that would then boot from the USB drive. I've made an attempt or two at this, but I'm not getting anywhere. It seems to still be trying to boot from the RAID set, yet fails even that.
Can anyone give me some pointers on properly configuring grub for the floppy to load the OS on the USB drive?
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04-19-2011, 09:14 AM
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#5
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LQ Newbie
Registered: Jan 2007
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Distribution: CentOS 4.4
Posts: 11
Original Poster
Rep:
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I've gotten to a point booting from the USB drive, and it fails. Here is the last bit of activity from the screen:
Code:
Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices
Trying to resume from LABEL=SWAP-i2o/hda5
No suspend signature on swap, not resuming.
Creating root device.
Mounting root filesystem.
mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'
setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory
no fstab.sys, mounting internal defaults
setuproot: moving /proc failed: No such file or directory
setuproot: moving /sys failed: No such file or directory
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
First off, it looks like "LABEL=SWAP-i2o/hda5" is incorrect - I'm not wanting to involve the RAID set when booting from USB, so somehow this is wrong, yet it's not the main problem.
For whatever reason, it can't find the root partition on the USB drive, so it freaks out. After many attempts to configure grub, fstab and other files, I can't train it to boot properly.
Any ideas on where I need to look next? |
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04-19-2011, 01:58 PM
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#6
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LQ Newbie
Registered: Jan 2007
Location: Fayetteville, AR
Distribution: CentOS 4.4
Posts: 11
Original Poster
Rep:
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I recently had a friend pass on this link:
http://fungliding.blogspot.com/2005_...g_archive.html
I'm trying to use this as a method to build a boot floppy to then start the boot process on the USB drive.
I've gotten a little (?) further, I think, but it still fails. This opens up a few more avenues to explore. I never knew that the initrd file could be de-constructed and reconfigured, so that helped a bit, but the only thing that changed from the previous result is choosing the correct swap label (however, it couldn't find it). Below is my current init file so far:
Code:
#!/bin/nash
setquiet
echo Preparing to boot from USB drive...
mount -t proc /proc /proc
echo Mounting proc filesystem
echo Mounting sysfs filesystem
mount -t sysfs /sys /sys
echo Creating /dev
mount -o mode=0755 -t tmpfs /dev /dev
mkdir /dev/pts
mount -t devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 /dev/pts /dev/pts
mkdir /dev/shm
mkdir /dev/mapper
echo Creating initial device nodes
mknod /dev/null c 1 3
mknod /dev/zero c 1 5
mknod /dev/urandom c 1 9
mknod /dev/systty c 4 0
mknod /dev/tty c 5 0
mknod /dev/console c 5 1
mknod /dev/ptmx c 5 2
mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135
mknod /dev/tty0 c 4 0
mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1
mknod /dev/tty2 c 4 2
mknod /dev/tty3 c 4 3
mknod /dev/tty4 c 4 4
mknod /dev/tty5 c 4 5
mknod /dev/tty6 c 4 6
mknod /dev/tty7 c 4 7
mknod /dev/tty8 c 4 8
mknod /dev/tty9 c 4 9
mknod /dev/tty10 c 4 10
mknod /dev/tty11 c 4 11
mknod /dev/tty12 c 4 12
mknod /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64
mknod /dev/ttyS1 c 4 65
mknod /dev/ttyS2 c 4 66
mknod /dev/ttyS3 c 4 67
echo Setting up hotplug.
hotplug
echo Creating block device nodes.
mkblkdevs
echo "*** Loading usb-storage ***"
insmod /lib/usb-storage.ko
echo "Loading ehci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/ehci-hcd.ko
echo "Loading ohci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/ohci-hcd.ko
echo "Loading uhci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/uhci-hcd.ko
mount -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb
echo "*** Sleeping 5 seconds ***"
/bin/sleep 5
echo "Loading jbd.ko module"
insmod /lib/jbd.ko
echo "Loading ext3.ko module"
insmod /lib/ext3.ko
echo "Loading i2o_core.ko module"
insmod /lib/i2o_core.ko
echo "Loading i2o_block.ko module"
insmod /lib/i2o_block.ko
echo "Loading dm-mem-cache.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-mem-cache.ko
echo "Loading dm-mod.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-mod.ko
echo "Loading dm-log.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-log.ko
echo "Loading dm-region_hash.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-region_hash.ko
echo "Loading dm-message.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-message.ko
echo "Loading dm-raid45.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-raid45.ko
mkblkdevs
echo Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices
resume LABEL=SWAP-backup
echo Creating root device.
mkrootdev -t ext3 -o defaults,ro sda6
echo "*** Reread partition table ***"
/sbin/sfdisk -R /dev/sda
echo Mounting root filesystem.
mount /sysroot
echo Setting up other filesystems.
setuproot
echo Switching to new root and running init.
switchroot
Any ideas on why it still can't find my root partition in the USB drive? |
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