Simple Unicode Box Drawing

Xeratul · 10-11-2014, 12:52 PM

Hello,

I would like to draw using a simple C program the double lined boxes such as the U+256x on the xterm.

cf:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box-drawing_character

Would you have a basic simple C program that draws a box with two lines (e.g. = instead of -) (see herewith in the PNG)?

Thank you in advance.

Xeratul · 10-11-2014, 12:57 PM

I have tried:

Code:

gcc widechars.c -lm -lncursesw  -std=gnu99 -ggdb

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>

#define VRT   186   // ║
#define HRZ2  205   // ═
#define HRZ1  196   // ─
#define TUP   202   // ╩
#define TDWN  209   // ╤
#define INTR  215   // ╫
 
#define LLCNR 200    
#define LUCNR 201
#define RLCNR 188
#define RUCNR 187
 
#define LINTR 199
#define RINTR 182
 
int main(void) {
   int r=0, c,width=35,height=5;
 
   for(c=0;c<width;c++) { //upper row
      if(c==0) {
         printf("%c",LUCNR);
      }else if(c==(width/2)) {
         printf("%c",TDWN);
      }else if(c==width-1) {
         printf("%c",RUCNR);
      }else
         printf("%c",HRZ2);
   }
   printf("\n");
   for(r=1;r<height-1;r++) {    //middle of the box
      for(c=0;c<width;c++) {
         if(r==height/2) {      //draw the middle line
            if(c==0)
               printf("%c",LINTR);
            else if(c==width/2)
               printf("%c",INTR);
            else if(c==width-1 && r==height/2)
               printf("%c",RINTR);
            else
               printf("%c",HRZ1);
         }else {
            if(c==0 || r==height/2 && c==width-1) {
               printf("%c",VRT);
            }else if(r==1 && c==3 || r==1 && c==5) {
               printf("%c",VRT);
            }else if(r==3 && c==3 || r==3 && c==5) {
               printf("%c",VRT);
            }else if(r>0 && r<height-1) {
               printf("%c",' ');
            }      
         }         
      }
      printf("\n");
   }
   for(c=0;c<width;c++) { //lower row
      if(c==0) {
         printf("%c",LLCNR);
      }else if(c==(width/2)) {
         printf("%c",TUP);
      }else if(c==width-1) {
         printf("%c",RLCNR);
      }else
         printf("%c",HRZ2);
   }
    
   printf("\n");
   return 0;
}

but it outputs unfortunately:

Code:

ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÑÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
º  º º                             
ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ×ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¶
º  º º                             
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÊÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¼

Xeratul · 10-11-2014, 02:08 PM

(1) PURE LINUX CONSOLE :
With the console command:

Code:

consolechars -f /usr/share/consolefonts/cp850-8x16.psf.gz

I can get the following (png) displaying under the console.
WHY DEBIAN REMOVED cp850-8x16.psf.gz from stable?? Some anti-DOS?
Under the console, it works (table ascii with codepage) and ACS VLINE/HLINE,... are correct!!!

-----------------------

(2) UNDER X11 :
I would like that someone help how to make cp850 working on XTERM?
not working

I am looking forward to reading you.

Xeratul · 10-11-2014, 02:35 PM

If you run under Linux with xfonts-terminus-dos:

Quote:

xterm -fn "-*-terminus-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-cp850"

then you can get the right codepage, but however it will destroy the ACS code such as VLINEs, HLINES,...

# Furthermore, if you increase the size of xterm (alt+shift+[+]), then, you get higher chances that the xterm changes the font size (codeset cp850).

What a very pitty misery that Linux cannot change the codepage properly and ncurses to follow up as well. This is a big lack of compatibility.

anyone knowing how to use ACS_D_VLINE or ACS_D_HLINE?

astrogeek · 10-11-2014, 03:11 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Xeratul

What a very pitty misery that Linux cannot change the codepage properly and ncurses to follow up as well. This is a big lack of compatibility.

anyone knowing how to use ACS_D_VLINE or ACS_D_HLINE?

Sorry that I do not understand what you are doing, nor can offer a solution.

But I can say that mc (same idea) works in xterm with a current kernel and Xorg and Terminus font, so it certainly does work. Take that as encouragement to figure out what you may be doing incorrectly.

ntubski · 10-11-2014, 03:17 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Xeratul

...right codepage...
...
Linux cannot change the codepage properly...

No, no, no. Unicode saves us from the pain and misery of codepages.

Code:

/* box.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>

const wchar_t
    VRT  = L'\x2551', // ║
    HRZ2 = L'\x2550', // ═
    HRZ1 = L'\x2500', // ─
    TUP  = L'\x2569', // ╩
    TDWN = L'\x2564', // ╤
    INTR = L'\x256B', // ╫
    LLCNR = L'\x255A', //╚
    LUCNR = L'\x2554', // ╔
    RLCNR = L'\x255D', // ╝
    RUCNR = L'\x2557', //╗
    LINTR = L'\x2560', // ╠
    RINTR = L'\x2563'; // ╣

int main(void) {
    int r=0, c,width=35,height=5;
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

    for(c=0;c<width;c++) { //upper row
        if(c==0) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",LUCNR);
        }else if(c==(width/2)) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",TDWN);
        }else if(c==width-1) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",RUCNR);
        }else
            wprintf(L"%lc",HRZ2);
    }
    wprintf(L"\n");
    for(r=1;r<height-1;r++) {    //middle of the box
        for(c=0;c<width;c++) {
            if(r==height/2) {      //draw the middle line
                if(c==0)
                    wprintf(L"%lc",LINTR);
                else if(c==width/2)
                    wprintf(L"%lc",INTR);
                else if(c==width-1 && r==height/2)
                    wprintf(L"%lc",RINTR);
                else
                    wprintf(L"%lc",HRZ1);
            }else {
                if(c==0 || r==height/2 && c==width-1) {
                    wprintf(L"%lc",VRT);
                }else if(r==1 && c==3 || r==1 && c==5) {
                    wprintf(L"%lc",VRT);
                }else if(r==3 && c==3 || r==3 && c==5) {
                    wprintf(L"%lc",VRT);
                }else if(r>0 && r<height-1) {
                    wprintf(L"%lc",' ');
                }      
            }         
        }
        wprintf(L"\n");
    }
    for(c=0;c<width;c++) { //lower row
        if(c==0) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",LLCNR);
        }else if(c==(width/2)) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",TUP);
        }else if(c==width-1) {
            wprintf(L"%lc",RLCNR);
        }else
            wprintf(L"%lc",HRZ2);
    }
    
    wprintf(L"\n");
    return 0;
}

Code:

make -k box
gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    box.c   -o box
box.c: In function ‘main’:
box.c:50:40: warning: suggest parentheses around ‘&&’ within ‘||’ [-Wparentheses]
                 if(c==0 || r==height/2 && c==width-1) {
                                        ^
box.c:52:31: warning: suggest parentheses around ‘&&’ within ‘||’ [-Wparentheses]
                 }else if(r==1 && c==3 || r==1 && c==5) {
                               ^
box.c:54:31: warning: suggest parentheses around ‘&&’ within ‘||’ [-Wparentheses]
                 }else if(r==3 && c==3 || r==3 && c==5) {
                               ^

Code:

% locale | head -1
LANG=en_CA.UTF-8
% ./box
╔════════════════╤════════════════╗
║  ║ ║                             
╠────────────────╫────────────────╣
║  ║ ║                             
╚════════════════╩════════════════╝

Xeratul · 10-11-2014, 03:37 PM

thank you. It helps.

I rechecked my locales again, and visibly this was the problem. Now, I got it.

Code:

:/tmp$ ./box 
╔════════════════╤════════════════╗
║  ║ ║                             
╠────────────────╫────────────────╣
║  ║ ║                             
╚════════════════╩════════════════╝

However, I would like to use the WACS_D_HLINE... could you help how to compile the following program?

A question. On your working machine, would you get simple and double lines on the examples?
Shall I use rather ACS_D_LINE?

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>

// Compile with: 
// gcc -o lines -I/usr/include/ncursesw -std=gnu99 -ggdb lines.c -lm -lncursesw

int main()
{	
    initscr();			 
    mvprintw(0,0, "Hello World !!!"); 
    
    mvprintw(4,0, "Simple Lines:");
    mvaddch( 5, 5,  ACS_VLINE);
    mvaddch( 7, 5,  ACS_HLINE);

    mvprintw(9,0, "Double Lines:");
    mvaddch( 10, 5, WACS_D_VLINE );
    mvaddch( 11, 5, WACS_D_HLINE );

	refresh();			/* Print it on to the real screen */
	getch();			/* Wait for user input */
	endwin();			/* End curses mode		  */

	return 0;
}

ntubski · 10-11-2014, 04:43 PM

I found NCURSES_WIDECHAR in the header file. http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/...dd_wch.3x.html mentions the widechar equivalent to mvaddch(), mvadd_wch(). Also, the setlocale() call is needed else you get the default characters mentioned on that page which don't look very good.

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <wchar.h>

#define NCURSES_WIDECHAR 1      /* defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 also works */
#include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>

// Compile with: 
// gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    box.c  -lncursesw -o box

int main()
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    initscr();			 
    mvprintw(0,0, "Hello World !!!"); 

    mvprintw(4,0, "Simple Lines:");
    mvadd_wch( 5, 5, WACS_VLINE );
    mvadd_wch( 7, 5, WACS_HLINE );

    mvprintw(9,0, "Double Lines:");
    mvadd_wch( 10, 5, WACS_D_VLINE );
    mvadd_wch( 11, 5, WACS_D_HLINE );

	refresh();			/* Print it on to the real screen */
	getch();			/* Wait for user input */
	endwin();			/* End curses mode		  */

	return 0;
}

Xeratul · 10-12-2014, 01:49 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by ntubski

I found NCURSES_WIDECHAR in the header file. http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/...dd_wch.3x.html mentions the widechar equivalent to mvaddch(), mvadd_wch(). Also, the setlocale() call is needed else you get the default characters mentioned on that page which don't look very good.

thank you for your interests in wide ACS of ncursesw.

In the above example, I have tried to compile but visibly sthg wrong.

Code:

gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    test.c  -lncursesw -o test
test.c: In function ‘main’:
test.c:54:5: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘mvadd_wch’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
test.c:58:23: error: ‘WACS_D_VLINE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
test.c:58:23: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
test.c:59:23: error: ‘WACS_D_HLINE’ undeclared (first use in this function)

I have this current code:

Code:

#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>

const wchar_t
    VRT  = L'\x2551', // ║
    HRZ2 = L'\x2550', // ═
    HRZ1 = L'\x2500', // ─
    TUP  = L'\x2569';

int col, row ;

typedef long long int64;


// Compile with: 
// gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    test.c  -lncursesw -o test


int main()
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    initscr();			 
    mvprintw(0,0, "Hello World !!!"); 

    mvprintw(4,0, "Simple Lines:");
    mvadd_wch( 5, 5, ACS_VLINE );
    mvadd_wch( 7, 5, ACS_HLINE );

    mvprintw(9,0, "Double Lines: ║");
    mvadd_wch( 10, 5, WACS_D_VLINE );
    mvadd_wch( 11, 5, WACS_D_HLINE );

	refresh();			/* Print it on to the real screen */
	getch();			/* Wait for user input */
	endwin();			/* End curses mode		  */

	return 0;
}

In this following version of the code, I try not to use the WACS_D_... since it is not defined into pdcursesw. I would like that my code with double lines, works either on linux and windows.

Code:

#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>

//gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    test.c  -lncursesw -o run

const wchar_t
    VRT  = L'\x2551', // ║
    HRZ2 = L'\x2550', // ═
    HRZ1 = L'\x2500', // ─
    TUP  = L'\x2569';

int col, row ;

typedef long long int64;


// Compile with: 
// gcc -Wall -Wextra -Wformat=2 -ggdb -pedantic -std=c99    test.c  -lncursesw -o test


int main()
{
    char charo[200];
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    initscr();			 
    mvprintw(0,0, "Hello World !!!"); 

    mvprintw(4,0, "Simple Lines:");
    mvaddch( 5, 5, ACS_VLINE );
    mvaddch( 7, 5, ACS_HLINE );

    mvprintw(9,0, "Double Lines: ║");


       addstr("▄");
       charo[0]=VRT;
       charo[1]='\0';
       mvprintw( 10 , 0 , "here the mega test for x2551: ");
       addstr( charo );





	refresh();			/* Print it on to the real screen */
	getch();			/* Wait for user input */
	endwin();			/* End curses mode		  */

	return 0;
}

it gives:

Code:

Hello World !!!



Simple Lines:
     │

     ─

Double Lines: ║▄
here the mega test for x2551: Q

where Q is not be displayed well. It shall be a '║'!

Furthermore, then, I look into the pdcurses with 'w', into curses.h, I see no WACS_D_HLINE. To me, it seems that the Linux and Windows Wide aren't so much compatible. I
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdcu...w.zip/download

I would be happy that a C code with ACS_D_HLINE could work on both platforms.

ntubski · 10-12-2014, 09:38 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Xeratul

In the above example, I have tried to compile but visibly sthg wrong.
...
I have this current code:
...

Yes, you dropped the lines:

Code:

#define NCURSES_WIDECHAR 1      /* defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 also works */
#include <ncursesw/ncurses.h>

Quote:

In this following version of the code, I try not to use the WACS_D_... since it is not defined into pdcursesw. I would like that my code with double lines, works either on linux and windows.

Code:

...
const wchar_t
    VRT  = L'\x2551', // ║
    HRZ2 = L'\x2550', // ═
    HRZ1 = L'\x2500', // ─
    TUP  = L'\x2569';
...
int main()
{
    char charo[200];
...
       charo[0]=VRT;
       charo[1]='\0';
       mvprintw( 10 , 0 , "here the mega test for x2551: ");
       addstr( charo );
...
}

This can't work, you tried to put a wchar_t into a char, they're not the same size.

Quote:

Furthermore, then, I look into the pdcurses with 'w', into curses.h, I see no WACS_D_HLINE. To me, it seems that the Linux and Windows Wide aren't so much compatible. I
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdcu...w.zip/download

I would be happy that a C code with ACS_D_HLINE could work on both platforms.

I don't even see ACS_D_HLINE in the pdcurses curses.h. I do see mvadd_wch(), it's inside an #ifdef PDC_WIDE so you should try #defining that before #including the pdcurses header.

NevemTeve · 10-12-2014, 09:48 AM

@OP: you don't seem to use smacs, rmacs and acsc (let alone enacs). For example, see this program: shchars.c

Xeratul · 10-13-2014, 09:56 AM

wow. this code is pretty interesting. I will try to look on windows platform and get a feedback (and "Linux Questions"

)...

I will try also with the #define things above. many thanks.

Code:

 ./run
TERM=xterm
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 
00  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  00  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  00
10  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
20    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /  20    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /  20
30  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?  30  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?  30
40  @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O  40  @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O  40
50  P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _  50  P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _  50
60  ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o  60  # # # # # # # # # # + + + + + #  60
70  p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ .  70  # - # # + + + + | # # # # # # .  70
80      
            80      
            80       
90           .           .   90
a0  * ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ * ® ¯  a0  * ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ * ® ¯  a0
b0  ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿  b0  ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿  b0
c0  À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï  c0  À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï  c0
d0  Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß  d0  Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß  d0
e0  à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï  e0  à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï  e0
f0  ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ  f0  ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ  f0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f

However, under Windows, I have an issue... as follows from this program compiled wiht pdcursesw (<-- wiht w).
I took term.h from the src code of pdcurses.
gif attached.

Yours Sincerely

NevemTeve · 10-13-2014, 10:29 AM

(Mind you, it is something ncurses could do for your automagically, afaik)