For a more friendly view of its contents, check out
SGI. It outlines quite a few additional concepts that aren't specifically defined in code, such as what the different types of iterators and containers need to provide.
Some compilers place C functions in std:: when included in C++, others don't, and others have a mix. I would count on them not being in std:: unless you get a compiler error, in which case you can using std:: locally in a function/scope. Some of the C headers have C++ names (like <cstdlib> for <stdlib.h>, and others don't (I don't recall all of them.)
ta0kira