gcc -lasound pla2.c -o play

./play 22050 1 18 "hw:1,0"  < a.wav

/*
 * Simple sound playback using ALSA API and libasound.
 *
 * Compile:
 * $ cc -o play sound_playback.c -lasound
 * 
 * Usage:
 * $ ./play <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds> < <file>
 * 
 * Examples:
 * $ ./play 44100 2 5 < /dev/urandom
 * $ ./play 22050 1 8 < /path/to/file.wav
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Alessandro Ghedini <alessandro@ghedini.me>
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 * "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
 * Alessandro Ghedini wrote this file. As long as you retain this
 * notice you can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we
 * meet some day, and you think this stuff is worth it, you can
 * buy me a beer in return.
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
 
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	unsigned int pcm, tmp, dir;
	int rate, channels, seconds;
	snd_pcm_t *pcm_handle;
	snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
	snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
	char *buff;
	int buff_size, loops;
 
	if (argc < 5) {
		printf("Usage: %s <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds>\n",
								argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
 
	rate 	 = atoi(argv[1]);
	channels = atoi(argv[2]);
	seconds  = atoi(argv[3]);
 
	/* Open the PCM device in playback mode */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_open(&pcm_handle, argv[4]   ,
					SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't open \"%s\" PCM device. %s\n",
					argv[4] , snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	/* Allocate parameters object and fill it with default values*/
	snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&params);
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_any(pcm_handle, params);
 
	/* Set parameters */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(pcm_handle, params,
					SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set interleaved mode. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(pcm_handle, params,
						SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set format. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(pcm_handle, params, channels) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set channels number. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(pcm_handle, params, &rate, 0) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set rate. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	/* Write parameters */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params(pcm_handle, params) < 0)
		printf("ERROR: Can't set harware parameters. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
 
	/* Resume information */
	printf("PCM name: '%s'\n", snd_pcm_name(pcm_handle));
 
	printf("PCM state: %s\n", snd_pcm_state_name(snd_pcm_state(pcm_handle)));
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels(params, &tmp);
	printf("channels: %i ", tmp);
 
	if (tmp == 1)
		printf("(mono)\n");
	else if (tmp == 2)
		printf("(stereo)\n");
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate(params, &tmp, 0);
	printf("rate: %d bps\n", tmp);
 
	printf("seconds: %d\n", seconds);	
 
	/* Allocate buffer to hold single period */
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &frames, 0);
 
	buff_size = frames * channels * 2 /* 2 -> sample size */;
	buff = (char *) malloc(buff_size);
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time(params, &tmp, NULL);
 
	for (loops = (seconds * 1000000) / tmp; loops > 0; loops--) {
 
		if (pcm = read(0, buff, buff_size) == 0) {
			printf("Early end of file.\n");
		}
 
		if (pcm = snd_pcm_writei(pcm_handle, buff, frames) == -EPIPE) {
			printf("XRUN.\n");
			snd_pcm_prepare(pcm_handle);
		} else if (pcm < 0) {
			printf("ERROR. Can't write to PCM device. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
		}
 
	}
 
	snd_pcm_drain(pcm_handle);
	snd_pcm_close(pcm_handle);
	free(buff);
 
	return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>

/*
 * Simple sound playback using ALSA API and libasound.
 *
 * Compile:
 * $ cc -o play sound_playback.c -lasound
 * 
 * Usage:
 * $ ./play <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds> < <file>
 * 
 * Examples:
 * $ ./play 44100 2 5 < /dev/urandom
 * $ ./play 22050 1 8 < /path/to/file.wav
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Alessandro Ghedini <alessandro@ghedini.me>
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 * "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
 * Alessandro Ghedini wrote this file. As long as you retain this
 * notice you can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we
 * meet some day, and you think this stuff is worth it, you can
 * buy me a beer in return.
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
	      



int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
		int i;
		int err;
		short buf[128];
	 

           unsigned int pcm, tmp, dir;
          int rate, channels, seconds;
           snd_pcm_t *pcm_handle;
           snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
           snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
           char *buff;
           int buff_size, loops;
    
       snd_pcm_t *capture_handle;  
         snd_pcm_t *playback_handle;


 

	if (argc < 5) {
		printf("Usage: %s <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds>\n",
								argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
 

	rate 	 = atoi(argv[1]);
	channels = atoi(argv[2]);
	seconds  = atoi(argv[3]);
 



		if ((err = snd_pcm_open (&playback_handle, "hw:0,0" , SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot open audio device %s (%s)\n", 
				 argv[1],
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
		   
		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc (&params)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot allocate hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
				 
		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any (playback_handle, params)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
	
		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (playback_handle, params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
	
		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (playback_handle, params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
	

		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (playback_handle, params, 2)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
	
		if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params (playback_handle, params)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}
	


	/* Resume information */
	printf("PCM name: '%s'\n", snd_pcm_name(pcm_handle));
 
	printf("PCM state: %s\n", snd_pcm_state_name(snd_pcm_state(pcm_handle)));
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels(params, &tmp);
	printf("channels: %i ", tmp);
 
	if (tmp == 1)
		printf("(mono)\n");
	else if (tmp == 2)
		printf("(stereo)\n");
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate(params, &tmp, 0);
	printf("rate: %d bps\n", tmp);
 
	printf("seconds: %d\n", seconds);	
 
	/* Allocate buffer to hold single period */
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &frames, 0);
 
	buff_size = frames * channels * 2 /* 2 -> sample size */;
	buff = (char *) malloc(buff_size);
 
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time(params, &tmp, NULL);
 
	for (loops = (seconds * 1000000) / tmp; loops > 0; loops--) {
 
		if (pcm = read(0, buff, buff_size) == 0) {
			printf("Early end of file.\n");
		}
 
		if (pcm = snd_pcm_writei(pcm_handle, buff, frames) == -EPIPE) {
			printf("XRUN.\n");
			snd_pcm_prepare(pcm_handle);
		} else if (pcm < 0) {
			printf("ERROR. Can't write to PCM device. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
		}
 
	}
 



		snd_pcm_hw_params_free (params);
	
 		if ((err = snd_pcm_prepare (capture_handle)) < 0) {
			fprintf (stderr, "cannot prepare audio interface for use (%s)\n",
				 snd_strerror (err));
			exit (1);
		}

	
		for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
			if ((err = snd_pcm_writei (playback_handle, buf, 128)) != 128) {
				fprintf (stderr, "write to audio interface failed (%s)\n",
					 snd_strerror (err));
				exit (1);
			}
		}
	
		snd_pcm_close (capture_handle);
		exit (0);


	snd_pcm_drain(pcm_handle);
	snd_pcm_close(pcm_handle);
	free(buff);
 
	return 0;


	}

// A simple C example to play a mono or stereo, 16-bit 44KHz
// WAVE file using ALSA. This goes directly to the first
// audio card (ie, its first set of audio out jacks). It
// uses the snd_pcm_writei() mode of outputting waveform data,
// blocking.
//
// Compile as so to create "alsawave":
// gcc -o alsawave alsawave.c -lasound
//
// Run it from a terminal, specifying the name of a WAVE file to play:
// ./alsawave MyWaveFile.wav

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// Include the ALSA .H file that defines ALSA functions/data
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>





#pragma pack (1)
/////////////////////// WAVE File Stuff /////////////////////
// An IFF file header looks like this
typedef struct _FILE_head
{
	unsigned char	ID[4];	// could be {'R', 'I', 'F', 'F'} or {'F', 'O', 'R', 'M'}
	unsigned int	Length;	// Length of subsequent file (including remainder of header). This is in
									// Intel reverse byte order if RIFF, Motorola format if FORM.
	unsigned char	Type[4];	// {'W', 'A', 'V', 'E'} or {'A', 'I', 'F', 'F'}
} FILE_head;


// An IFF chunk header looks like this
typedef struct _CHUNK_head
{
	unsigned char ID[4];	// 4 ascii chars that is the chunk ID
	unsigned int	Length;	// Length of subsequent data within this chunk. This is in Intel reverse byte
							// order if RIFF, Motorola format if FORM. Note: this doesn't include any
							// extra byte needed to pad the chunk out to an even size.
} CHUNK_head;

// WAVE fmt chunk
typedef struct _FORMAT {
	short				wFormatTag;
	unsigned short	wChannels;
	unsigned int	dwSamplesPerSec;
	unsigned int	dwAvgBytesPerSec;
	unsigned short	wBlockAlign;
	unsigned short	wBitsPerSample;
  // Note: there may be additional fields here, depending upon wFormatTag
} FORMAT;
#pragma pack()






// Size of the audio card hardware buffer. Here we want it
// set to 1024 16-bit sample points. This is relatively
// small in order to minimize latency. If you have trouble
// with underruns, you may need to increase this, and PERIODSIZE
// (trading off lower latency for more stability)
#define BUFFERSIZE	(2*1024)

// How many sample points the ALSA card plays before it calls
// our callback to fill some more of the audio card's hardware
// buffer. Here we want ALSA to call our callback after every
// 64 sample points have been played
#define PERIODSIZE	(2*64)

// Handle to ALSA (audio card's) playback port
snd_pcm_t				*PlaybackHandle;

// Handle to our callback thread
snd_async_handler_t	*CallbackHandle;

// Points to loaded WAVE file's data
unsigned char			*WavePtr;

// Size (in frames) of loaded WAVE file's data
snd_pcm_uframes_t		WaveSize;

// Sample rate
unsigned short			WaveRate;

// Bit resolution
unsigned char			WaveBits;

// Number of channels in the wave file
unsigned char			WaveChannels;

// The name of the ALSA port we output to. In this case, we're
// directly writing to hardware card 0,0 (ie, first set of audio
// outputs on the first audio card)
static const char		SoundCardPortName[] = "plughw:1,0";

// For WAVE file loading
static const unsigned char Riff[4]	= { 'R', 'I', 'F', 'F' };
static const unsigned char Wave[4] = { 'W', 'A', 'V', 'E' };
static const unsigned char Fmt[4] = { 'f', 'm', 't', ' ' };
static const unsigned char Data[4] = { 'd', 'a', 't', 'a' };





/********************** compareID() *********************
 * Compares the passed ID str (ie, a ptr to 4 Ascii
 * bytes) with the ID at the passed ptr. Returns TRUE if
 * a match, FALSE if not.
 */

static unsigned char compareID(const unsigned char * id, unsigned char * ptr)
{
	register unsigned char i = 4;

	while (i--)
	{
		if ( *(id)++ != *(ptr)++ ) return(0);
	}
	return(1);
}





/********************** waveLoad() *********************
 * Loads a WAVE file.
 *
 * fn =			Filename to load.
 *
 * RETURNS: 0 if success, non-zero if not.
 *
 * NOTE: Sets the global "WavePtr" to an allocated buffer
 * containing the wave data, and "WaveSize" to the size
 * in sample points.
 */

static unsigned char waveLoad(const char *fn)
{
	const char				*message;
	FILE_head				head;
	register int			inHandle;

	if ((inHandle = open(fn, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
		message = "didn't open";

	// Read in IFF File header
	else
	{
		if (read(inHandle, &head, sizeof(FILE_head)) == sizeof(FILE_head))
		{
			// Is it a RIFF and WAVE?
			if (!compareID(&Riff[0], &head.ID[0]) || !compareID(&Wave[0], &head.Type[0]))
			{
				message = "is not a WAVE file";
				goto bad;
			}

			// Read in next chunk header
			while (read(inHandle, &head, sizeof(CHUNK_head)) == sizeof(CHUNK_head))
			{
				// ============================ Is it a fmt chunk? ===============================
				if (compareID(&Fmt[0], &head.ID[0]))
				{
					FORMAT	format;

					// Read in the remainder of chunk
					if (read(inHandle, &format.wFormatTag, sizeof(FORMAT)) != sizeof(FORMAT)) break;

					// Can't handle compressed WAVE files
					if (format.wFormatTag != 1)
					{
						message = "compressed WAVE not supported";
						goto bad;
					}

					WaveBits = (unsigned char)format.wBitsPerSample;
					WaveRate = (unsigned short)format.dwSamplesPerSec;
					WaveChannels = format.wChannels;
				}

				// ============================ Is it a data chunk? ===============================
				else if (compareID(&Data[0], &head.ID[0]))
				{
					// Size of wave data is head.Length. Allocate a buffer and read in the wave data
					if (!(WavePtr = (unsigned char *)malloc(head.Length)))
					{
						message = "won't fit in RAM";
						goto bad;
					}

					if (read(inHandle, WavePtr, head.Length) != head.Length)
					{
						free(WavePtr);
						break;
					}

					// Store size (in frames)
					WaveSize = (head.Length * 8) / ((unsigned int)WaveBits * (unsigned int)WaveChannels);

					close(inHandle);
					return(0);
				}

				// ============================ Skip this chunk ===============================
				else
				{
					if (head.Length & 1) ++head.Length;  // If odd, round it up to account for pad byte
					lseek(inHandle, head.Length, SEEK_CUR);
				}
			}
		}

		message = "is a bad WAVE file";
bad:	close(inHandle);
	}

	printf("%s %s\n", fn, message);
	return(1);
}









/********************** play_audio() **********************
 * Plays the loaded waveform.
 *
 * NOTE: ALSA sound card's handle must be in the global
 * "PlaybackHandle". A pointer to the wave data must be in
 * the global "WavePtr", and its size of "WaveSize".
 */

static void play_audio(void)
{
	register snd_pcm_uframes_t		count, frames;

	// Output the wave data
	count = 0;
	do
	{
		frames = snd_pcm_writei(PlaybackHandle, WavePtr + count, WaveSize - count);

		// If an error, try to recover from it
		if (frames < 0)
			frames = snd_pcm_recover(PlaybackHandle, frames, 0);
		if (frames < 0)
		{
			printf("Error playing wave: %s\n", snd_strerror(frames));
			break;
		}

		// Update our pointer
		count += frames;

	} while (count < WaveSize);

	// Wait for playback to completely finish
	if (count == WaveSize)
		snd_pcm_drain(PlaybackHandle);
}





/*********************** free_wave_data() *********************
 * Frees any wave data we loaded.
 *
 * NOTE: A pointer to the wave data be in the global
 * "WavePtr".
 */

static void free_wave_data(void)
{
	if (WavePtr) free(WavePtr);
	WavePtr = 0;
}





int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	// No wave data loaded yet
	WavePtr = 0;

	if (argc < 2)
		printf("You must supply the name of a 16-bit mono WAVE file to play\n");

	// Load the wave file
	else if (!waveLoad(argv[1]))
	{
		register int		err;

		// Open audio card we wish to use for playback
		if ((err = snd_pcm_open(&PlaybackHandle, &SoundCardPortName[0], SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0)
			printf("Can't open audio %s: %s\n", &SoundCardPortName[0], snd_strerror(err));
		else
		{
			switch (WaveBits)
			{
				case 8:
					err = SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
					break;
			
				case 16:
					err = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
					break;
			
				case 24:
					err = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24;
					break;
			
				case 32:
					err = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32;
					break;
			}
		
			// Set the audio card's hardware parameters (sample rate, bit resolution, etc)
			if ((err = snd_pcm_set_params(PlaybackHandle, err, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, WaveChannels, WaveRate, 1, 500000)) < 0)
				printf("Can't set sound parameters: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));

			// Play the waveform
			else
				play_audio();

			// Close sound card
			snd_pcm_close(PlaybackHandle);
		}
	}

	// Free the WAVE data
	free_wave_data();

	return(0);
}

gcc -lasound test.c -o aplay-minimalist

aplay-minimalist Roland...stuff.wav

./aplay 44100 1 8 < test.wav

/*
 * Simple sound playback using ALSA API and libasound.
 *
 * Compile:
 * $ cc -o play sound_playback.c -lasound
 * 
 * Usage:
 * $ ./play <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds> < <file>
 * 
 * Examples:
 * $ ./play 44100 2 5 < /dev/urandom
 * $ ./play 22050 1 8 < /path/to/file.wav
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Alessandro Ghedini <alessandro@ghedini.me>
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 * "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
 * Alessandro Ghedini wrote this file. As long as you retain this
 * notice you can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we
 * meet some day, and you think this stuff is worth it, you can
 * buy me a beer in return.
 * --------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define PCM_DEVICE "default"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	unsigned int pcm, tmp, dir;
	int rate, channels, seconds;
	snd_pcm_t *pcm_handle;
	snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
	snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
	char *buff;
	int buff_size, loops;

	if (argc < 4) {
		printf("Usage: %s <sample_rate> <channels> <seconds>\n",
								argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}

	rate 	 = atoi(argv[1]);
	channels = atoi(argv[2]);
	seconds  = atoi(argv[3]);

	/* Open the PCM device in playback mode */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_open(&pcm_handle, PCM_DEVICE,
					SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't open \"%s\" PCM device. %s\n",
					PCM_DEVICE, snd_strerror(pcm));

	/* Allocate parameters object and fill it with default values*/
	snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&params);

	snd_pcm_hw_params_any(pcm_handle, params);

	/* Set parameters */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(pcm_handle, params,
					SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set interleaved mode. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));

	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(pcm_handle, params,
						SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set format. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));

	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(pcm_handle, params, channels) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set channels number. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));

	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(pcm_handle, params, &rate, 0) < 0) 
		printf("ERROR: Can't set rate. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));

	/* Write parameters */
	if (pcm = snd_pcm_hw_params(pcm_handle, params) < 0)
		printf("ERROR: Can't set harware parameters. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));

	/* Resume information */
	printf("PCM name: '%s'\n", snd_pcm_name(pcm_handle));

	printf("PCM state: %s\n", snd_pcm_state_name(snd_pcm_state(pcm_handle)));

	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels(params, &tmp);
	printf("channels: %i ", tmp);

	if (tmp == 1)
		printf("(mono)\n");
	else if (tmp == 2)
		printf("(stereo)\n");

	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate(params, &tmp, 0);
	printf("rate: %d bps\n", tmp);

	printf("seconds: %d\n", seconds);	

	/* Allocate buffer to hold single period */
	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &frames, 0);

	buff_size = frames * channels * 2 /* 2 -> sample size */;
	buff = (char *) malloc(buff_size);

	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time(params, &tmp, NULL);

	for (loops = (seconds * 1000000) / tmp; loops > 0; loops--) {

		if (pcm = read(0, buff, buff_size) == 0) {
			printf("Early end of file.\n");
			return 0;
		}

		if (pcm = snd_pcm_writei(pcm_handle, buff, frames) == -EPIPE) {
			printf("XRUN.\n");
			snd_pcm_prepare(pcm_handle);
		} else if (pcm < 0) {
			printf("ERROR. Can't write to PCM device. %s\n", snd_strerror(pcm));
		}

	}

	snd_pcm_drain(pcm_handle);
	snd_pcm_close(pcm_handle);
	free(buff);

	return 0;
}