What software can meet my goal?
 

I'd like to build a small internal website were I can input info into a database (including attaching pdf's or other attachments).

Example:
I decide to perform an oil change on my car. Afterwards I'd like to pull up my website to a form and input fields (like date, service done and scanned receipt of materials used).

Having such a system would save me some much time. I'd like to make a database for automotive stuff initially.

I'm think I could use apache, mariadb/mysql but I'm not sure how to configure submitting and retrieving data for a database.

Any help you all could provide would be great.

Together with them you may use php for server side scripting. It can handle databases as well.

Never used php or know how to code any but simple html, is it something a beginner could do?
I'm okay with apache, but new to mysql also.

Mysql uses SQL Language.

Php was based like Perl scripting language.

You can visit Php site: http://php.net

The php site has tutorial, manual, and many code examples.

No, SQL is NOT a language, but a common interface method for RDBMS systems.
No, it wasn't..it was designed from the ground up to be what it is now:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP
And if the OP is brand new to things, the documentation can be daunting, and that CERTAINLY isn't the place to go for tutorials or examples. Please, don't direct people to things that will confuse them, or give them incorrect information.

OP, you should be able to load the PHP system, database connection/interface modules, and other pieces/parts from your online repositories. You don't say what version/distro of Linux you're using, so we can't tell you EXACTLY how, but post back and we can try. You can also find some great tutorials online, such as these:

Building a web based form:
http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_forms.asp

To connect to a MySQL database:
http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_connect.asp

If you know basic HTML now, this shouldn't be TOO difficult to pick up and follow. If you know another programming language already (like Perl, Ruby, or Python), it'll make even more sense.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/569684/SQL
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowle...d.columns.html
http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/do...f/glossary.pdf
http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/260112...edFrom=sql#eid

:)

Seriously, TB0ne?

SQL is not a programming language, but it certainly is a language.

And for this requirement, I'd honestly just use Google Docs (or Microsoft or Apple's counterparts).

My answer remains correct; its a common interface method for RDBMS systems. You could define a language that way, certainly. So I'm not sure why the "seriously"? Also, my comment was in regards to what was said previously, about being able to use SQL *TO* program and/or use in a website. Since it's not a programming language......
Will those things work for what the OP asked for: a small, INTERNAL website?

Just do an online search for "how to install LAMP server on Debian", replace Debian with whichever Linux you are using. As far as coding html and php, you should find a lot of examples online including at some of the sites posted above.