I got my palm (Sony Clie) syncing with evolution once but evolution did not recognise the categories setup on my palm or if an entry was private. This is important because I use the palm at work and synchronise with outlook and don't want all my work stuff messed up or other users at work to see my private calendar entries. So I now use JPilot, and am waiting for evolution to catch up.
However, the best thing to do is play around with pilot-xfer - it's a command line utility, part of the
pilot-link tools. With a USB palm the dmesg command gives some output on what's happening when you press sync - look for messages about 'visor.c'
pilot-xfer -l
I think (I'm at work so cannot test on a linux pc) that should give you a list of the databases on your palm. You may need to set the PILOTPORT and PILOTRATE environment variables. With a USB palm you press sync, wait 3 seconds then run pilot-xfer - it may be different on a serial connection.
Once you have pilot-xfer working you should be able to sync using something with a UI - evolution or jpilot.
hope this helps...