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Old 03-14-2015, 10:22 AM   #1
ybl84f1
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Mar 2015
Location: CT
Distribution: Debian
Posts: 19

Rep: Reputation: Disabled
How the heck does gcc parse include files?


Right up front - noob here and just learning Linux. I'm having trouble getting a simple C program to compile and must be missing something about how #include and gcc -I works...

I'm playing with Eclipse on the latest Debian and yes my "Hello World" program runs just fine. I wanted to play with D-BUS and didn't even make it past step 1 successfully which was simply adding

Code:
#include <dbus.h>
to my code, nothing else. (I believe I have all the proper DBUS packages installed for development).

After poking around I found how to add the path for the DBUS headers to Eclipse for gcc which resulted in:

Code:
-I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus
when gcc is invoked. This seems to work fine as it eliminated the prior error of not finding dbus.h.

However now I get:

Code:
Invoking: GCC C Compiler
gcc -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"src/hw.d" -MT"src/hw.d" -o "src/hw.o" "../src/hw.c"
In file included from ../src/hw.c:14:0:
/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h:29:34: fatal error: dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make: *** [src/hw.o] Error 1
The file /usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h contains:

Code:
ifndef DBUS_H
#define DBUS_H

#define DBUS_INSIDE_DBUS_H 1

#include <dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h> 
#include <dbus/dbus-address.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-bus.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-connection.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-errors.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-macros.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-message.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-misc.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-pending-call.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-protocol.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-server.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-shared.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-signature.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-syntax.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-threads.h>
#include <dbus/dbus-types.h>

#undef DBUS_INSIDE_DBUS_H
So some data points:

1) Of all the files listed above in dbus.h note that strangely only dbus-arch-deps.h is not in the /usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus directory. That file is located in:

Code:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h
2) Thinking there was a mistake installing the packages I made a sym link in the /usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus directory pointing to the actual file above. This didn't change anything. Being even more clever I simply copied the "missing" file to the directory but this also didn't result in anything.

3) I then added the path /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/dbus to Eclipse but still get the same error:


Code:
Building file: ../src/hw.c
Invoking: GCC C Compiler
gcc -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/dbus -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"src/hw.d" -MT"src/hw.d" -o "src/hw.o" "../src/hw.c"
In file included from ../src/hw.c:14:0:
/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus/dbus.h:29:34: fatal error: dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make: *** [src/hw.o] Error 1
(Note I've invokved gcc from the command line with the same options just to make sure it wasn't Eclipse).

4) Just for fun I commented out #include <dbus/dbus-arch-deps.h> in dbus.h however the "No such file or directory" error occured again by simply moving on to the next file dbus-address.h.



So my questions:

1) Why can't gcc find bus-arch-deps.h when I include the path to it?

2) Why, even when I copy the actual file into the /usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus where dbus.h is located (and where I know gcc is looking) can it not find it?

3) Does this have anyting to do with perhaps needing pkg-config? When I searched for this issue I found some stuff about that utility.

Ugh it's frustrating burning so much time on something I'm sure is simple. Thanks ahead of time for any help.

Last edited by ybl84f1; 03-14-2015 at 10:26 AM.
 
Old 03-14-2015, 11:18 AM   #2
gengisdave
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Registered: Dec 2013
Location: Turin, Italy
Distribution: slackware
Posts: 328

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try
Code:
#include <dbus/dbus.h>
and check the output of
Code:
pkg-config --cflags dbus-1
 
Old 03-14-2015, 12:37 PM   #3
ybl84f1
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Mar 2015
Location: CT
Distribution: Debian
Posts: 19

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
No joy on

Code:
#include <dbus/dbus.h>

gcc -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/dbus -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"src/hw.d" -MT"src/hw.d" -o "src/hw.o" "../src/hw.c"
../src/hw.c:14:23: fatal error: dbus/dbus.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
(That's actually how I started)

Regarding pkg-config --cflags dbus-1

Code:
-I/usr/include/dbus-1.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include
I notice both paths do not have the final directories appended at the end (dbus in both cases)

Code:
steve@debian:/usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus$ ls
dbus-address.h            dbus-gvalue-parse-variant.h  dbus-python.h
dbus-arch-deps.h          dbus.h                       dbus-server.h
dbus-bus.h                dbus.h~                      dbus-shared.h
dbus-connection.h         dbus-macros.h                dbus-signature.h
dbus-errors.h             dbus-memory.h                dbus-syntax.h
dbus-glib-bindings.h      dbus-message.h               dbus-threads.h
dbus-glib.h               dbus-misc.h                  dbus-types.h
dbus-glib-lowlevel.h      dbus-pending-call.h
dbus-gtype-specialized.h  dbus-protocol.h
Code:
steve@debian:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include/dbus$ ls
dbus-arch-deps.h
 
Old 03-14-2015, 12:50 PM   #4
gengisdave
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Registered: Dec 2013
Location: Turin, Italy
Distribution: slackware
Posts: 328

Rep: Reputation: 74
as you can see, the flags passed to gcc are wrong, you should regenerate the Makefile, but I never used Eclipse, so I can't give more details
 
Old 03-14-2015, 01:23 PM   #5
pan64
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Registered: Mar 2012
Location: Hungary
Distribution: debian/ubuntu/suse ...
Posts: 21,830

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-I <search_path> is a path where gcc will look for files specified in #include "<include_path>/filename.h". Usually <search_path> is a full path, but sometimes it is relative. include_path usually a relative path, so actually you need to have: <search_path>/<include_path>/filename.h. gcc will not parse the string between ", just add it to the search path.
so you need either
Code:
-I /usr/include/dbus-1.0 and #include "dbus/dbus.h"
 or
-I /usr/include/dbus-1.0/dbus and #include "dbus.h"
the first one is preferred.
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Search-Path.html

Last edited by pan64; 03-14-2015 at 01:25 PM.
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 03-14-2015, 04:44 PM   #6
ybl84f1
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Mar 2015
Location: CT
Distribution: Debian
Posts: 19

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Thanks for your explanation - it compiles! I must have been perfectly out of sync specifying the directory and sub-directory between the -I compiler path and the path in the #include, changing both and it never working. Ugh I feel like a dork.

Also a footnote, Eclipse has two seperate include-path settings, one for Debug and one for Release. You have to select the drop-down dialouge to select All Configurations, otherwise it may be in one and not the other.

Appreciate everyone's help.
 
  


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