Is it possible to import Firefox bookmarks from Windows? The tool for backing up your Firefox settings that Mozilla provides is only Windows compatible. I can't find a folder anywhere on my Linux partitions for Firefox specifically, so I don't know if I can even make a hard copy of the files in Windows somehow and copy them over to Linux...

You can import your bookmarks from windows, by exporting them.

1) Go to Bookmarks -> Organize bookmarks
2) The Bookmarks Manager will open, export the bookmarks like
File -> Export
3) Save them as in .html format (actually I dont remember if u have more extension to choose from)
4) Boot into linux open and open the Bookmarks Manager there and import your bookmarks like
File -> Import (choose the location where you saved your 'bookmarks.html' file, containing all your bookmarks).

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About importing from linux your whole profile, I really dont know if that's possible. In windows your profile is stored @:
C:\Documents and Settings\[User Name]\Application Data\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\xxxxxxxx.default\ (xxxxxxxx is a random string of 8 characters)

So could copy the windows folder 'xxxxxxxx.default' into the linux folder:
/home/your-login-account-name/.mozilla/firefox/

(change 'your-login-account-name' by yours)

Backup your old default profile in linux 'just in case' the task doesnt work.

Good luck!

Just use the export and import menu item in Bookmarks > Organize Bookmarks > File ...
OR I use the Foxmarks add on to keep my bookmarks synchronize.(easy)
or the hard way Howto: Share Thunderbird & Firefox data between Ubuntu & Windows

Another way: there is a file, bookmarks.html (that's your bookmarks); it's in the .mozilla/firefox tree (as described by rax369 above) in your home directory in Linux or in C:\Program Files\Mozilla\Firefox\defaults\profile in Windows (XP anyway) -- use find in Linux or search in Windows to locate it.

Just copy that file from one system to the other (a memory stick, floppy, ftp, e-mail attachment, whatever method).

Works fine.

The 'Export/Import' option under 'File' worked fine! Thanks guys!!!

Would this work?

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2410