What version of squid are you using? - 2.5 or 2.6?
Usually when squid is installed the first time, you need to create the disk cache manually.
# /usr/local/sbin/squid -z
In my case (OpenBSD) it is installed in /usr/local/sbin.
But before doing this, you need to manually edit squid.conf (usually in /etc/squid) to set the IP and port squid will listen and bind to. In my case, I prefer to bind it only to localhost:3128 or 127.0.0.1:3128 so that I would no longer configure all of my clients browser if they don't use a proxy before.
http_port 127.0.0.1:3128
Also you will need to set the most basic ACL under the ACCESS CONTROL section such as this:
acl my_net src 192.168.0.0/24
http_access allow my_net
http_access allow localhost
Consult your logs for error hint usually /var/log/messages or might be in /var/spool/squid/logs in your case.
Then try to start squid and check out /var/spool/squid/logs/cache.log to see if squid started normally. You should also check if there is a listening connection via netstat.
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