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You could try using tcpdump (it's a sniffer for unix, just like wireshark).
By the way, before it, you could firstly try to disable all the network services, then this box should stop sending data, otherwise yes it could be a virus/bot/whatever.
There are many ways to debug it, try these options. If you cannot solve it, then come back here and we'll help you.
But please, let us know what you did, in the case you got it solved.
This is an excellent tcpdump tutorial that might help you:
Could you post some data please? The last person who posted a thread like this had made a mistake, and assumed that some upnp/avahi/mdns/bonjour packets were being sent to an external address (to be fair, that is how it looks, until you know not to be deceived by appearances).
It is a quite important factor, as the various 'there is a network service here' packets are generally harmless, but may be a bit irritating if they are for a service that you don't use.
OTOH, the other explanation goes along the lines 'you've been hacked and...' or 'you've got something seriously misconfigured and...' (or something like 'you've forgotten DNS lookups...' as mentioned earlier) and some of those are pull the cable out and try to work out what went wrong before it gets any worse.
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