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I want to edit the config file of an application I have installed and the documentation says that the config file is per-user and therefore stored in "~/". Which folder is that? The app itself is installed in "/usr/local/bin/".
Config files usually live in '~' ($HOME as you now know) and their name start with a dot '.'.
Most linux applications will not display the so called 'dot files' by default. They are considered kind of hidden files, but that's just a convention as said. Most programs will have a command line option (like in ls -a) or a menu option (like in most file explorer) to show dot files.
Also, note that config files might not exist by default, some apps create the config file with the default settings the first time you run them. Some others won't do that, and you will have to look for sample config files under /usr/share/doc/<app-name> or in their web site.
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