sudo fdisk -l gives no output,
sudo parted -l warning unable to open /dev/sr1 read-write (read-only file system) Error: /dev/sr1: unrecognised disk label

What does this mean? I am running from the CD I burned.

Try "sudo su" without quotes, then hit the enter key. The prompt should change. Then try the commands separately.
sudo fdisk -l usually works, don't know what the problem is. The error about "unable to open /dev/sr1 read-write (read-only file system)" I believe means it is looking at the CD which is why it says read-only filesystem.

If this doesn't work, use the Puppy CD to get the output. You will not need to prefix the commands with "sudo".
The fdisk command should show output similar to below:

Not sure what the problem is?

Hello, do one thing, right click on my computer->manage->disk management, you will see all the partitions of your HDD, right click on partition on which you want to install ubuntu, then click on delete partition, your partition will be deleted after then insert your ubuntu cd in cd rom & restart it, make sure from BIOS setting that you are booting from CD Rom or not, if its boot from CD - Rom, install ubuntu on that partition which you had deleted.

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ok still no luck with this. If I was to want to install Ubuntu over Windows and delete windows would this be possible as I cant get any options to even do this? This would be my last resort as I still have windows on my laptop for anything I need.

No worried, but you can have one option for install ubuntu that is using by virtual machine, please search on google that 'download oracle virtual box', download & install it on e: drive, then after install ubuntu, it doesn't effect your current XP's settings, try to install ubuntu on virtual box.