Try
which sqlplus
to find the sqlplus binary and it's ownerships/permissions. It looks like you don't have the right access perms, could also be its not in your cmd path. Try
echo $PATH
to check.
Also, for Linux generally, here's a great tutorial
http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz.
To examine the ownership & perms in Linux
ls -l filename
(that's a lowercase L btw)