OK, I feel like I've gotten very far. But as far as the wife can tell I haven't as I still can't print from the laptop.

I have an HP 4-in-1 HP Printer connected via USB to my Debian Box, it works well (a little slower than I'd like, oh well). However my laptop is running PuppyLinux. I've reconfigured my configuration as per http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=10438 and have attempted to do the same on my PuppyLinux machine. But I am having some troubles still. The particular instructions happen to end with some KDE specific instructions as far as Puppylinux is considered I have to use the CUPS web browser interface.

The only thing I feel like I'm not doing correctly is that if the particular IP address, etc. (192.168.1.100:631) are only examples and I'm choosing the set up for this particular user and not for mine.

Or am I completely going in the wrong direction here?

Of course my end solution is that I want to be able to be on the laptop upstairs hit CTRL+P and it comes out of the printer in the basement connected to the Debian machine, assuming its on.

Have you tried putting in your browsers navigation bar? That should get you the CUPS browser interface if things are set up correctly.
cheers,
jdk

If I do that on the debian box I see everything as I'd expect (this is the one the printer is linked to)

When I do so on the PuppyLinux laptop, the only thing listed is the CUPS-PDF and I can't figure out how to add the printer that is connected to the Debian box