Need advice

Socka · 05-17-2003, 12:29 PM

i am very new at linux
well, there so many commands in linux . now i just know some basic ones ,such as " rpm, tar, mount" etc.
i am confused now, what should do now ? which commands have to be mastered?
please give me some advice , thanks

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 12:31 PM

It all depends on what you want to do on your machine.

Take a look at this for some command information:
http://www.onlamp.com/linux/cmd/

Socka · 05-17-2003, 12:43 PM

i have seen that page so i said "SO MANY"
so for example, i want to stop a program when it is running and no respond, what should i do

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 12:50 PM

Look for the Process ID (PID) of the program/script:
ps -ef | grep program_name

Then kill it using:
kill 2344
(where 2344 is the PID of the proccess)

If that fails you can kill it "without question" using:
kill -9 2344
(where 2344 is the PID of the proccess)

If you want to see which programs are using your resources run:
top
(press h for help, q quits, M enables/disables memory info, m sorts by memory usage and P sorts by CPU usage)

To see how much of your CPU is being eaten you can use System Activity Reporter (sar):
sar 5 5
(this checks the activity 5 times every 5 seconds)

There may be more but those are the ones that I use. ps is a bit more useful than the example I have given but you can get full usage with:
man ps

Always try kill to start with and only if that fails use kill -9 using kill -9 does not always end child proccesses.

Socka · 05-17-2003, 01:05 PM

thank you!
i will click the affero botton and go to the man page to get the detail

when i use the windows i aways push the reset botton in that case

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 01:08 PM

Quote:

Originally posted by Socka
thank you!
i will click the affero botton and go to the man page to get the detail

Cheers!

Quote:

when i use the windows i aways push the reset botton in that case

Didn't we all!

Post any other help on commands you need and I'll see what I can do.

Socka · 05-17-2003, 01:22 PM

as you said it depend on what i want to do to my machine.
could you tell me some hot key in linux ?
i try to open a url in a new page using Shift+left click in Mozilla

,but it is not IE

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 01:37 PM

Right click on the link and choose "Open Link in New Window". Mozilla has the added andvantages of tabs too - right click on the link and choose "Open Link in New Tab". For instance I keep all my LQ page in one window but in differnet tabs. You can also use:
Ctrl+T (for an empty tab)
Ctrl+N (for an empty window)

Socka · 05-17-2003, 01:42 PM

i see
is there any hot keys in the linux system ? like Ctrl+Alt+Del in Windows

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 01:46 PM

Oh - Ctrl and Left Click also opens a new window.

By Ctrl+Alt+Del I assume you mean in a gui to get a proccess listing. Try using Ctrl+Esc.

Socka · 05-17-2003, 01:52 PM

thank you !
then how to use symbol when use commands?
like this one "|"

david_ross · 05-17-2003, 02:04 PM

That is a pipe and is used to send the standard output (STDOUT) of one program to the Standard Input (STDIN) of another. In the ps example looking for mozilla proccesses:
ps -ef | grep mozilla

You can use "ps -ef" to generate a list of running proccesses and output to the standard output, the screen by default, but if instead you pipe "|" it to another program - in this case grep (a tool used for looking for lines containing a specific string - eg "grep mozilla" looks for lines containing mozilla) that program will read the information and proccess it rather than it just being sent to the screen.

The reason you see output on the screen is because grep is giving it as output.

To summerise:

Code:

           ps -ef (generate a proccess listing)
          <STDOUT>
             | |
             |P|
             |I|
             |P|
             |E|
             | |
           <STDIN>
         grep mozilla (Look for lines containing "mozilla")
          <STDOUT>

The final STDOUT appears on the screen on teh default output - the screen.

Socka · 05-17-2003, 02:37 PM

thank you , i have learned a lot from you.

another question
it is useful to copy the output of the console
and it is easy to do it in the X environment
is there ways to copy the output of the console before use "startx"?

OldBob · 05-17-2003, 02:54 PM

Socka,

I'm about the same place you are, but here are the commands I heard are "most basic".

pwd = Print working directory
cd = Change directory
ls = List [Directory]
cp = Copy [File] with switch -r [Copy entire directory]
mv = Move [File] this can also "rename file" as you move it
mkdir = Make a directory
rm = Remove file also uses switches -r -f -i
su = Change to "root"
grep = Find [a "term"]

I'm running Win98SE right now, but I have a "good command link" on my Linux drive. I'll try to post it back here.

Socka · 05-17-2003, 03:13 PM

Thank you OldBob
when i used the "rm" for the first time to remove a directory with a lot of files in it , you know what , i had to answer "yes" for hundreds of times to confirm! so i would rather right click them now