It depends from which desktop manager you're using. For example in KDE you can right-click on the desktop, chose "Create New" --> "Link to location" and select the proper folder to be browsed when you click on the link icon.
In a terminal, if you want to access a particular directory without writing its path every time, you can create an alias like:
Code:
alias cloc='cd /very/long/path/to/scratch/directory/annoyed/to/type/every/time'
If you want to open a directory using the browser from the command line, you can simply issue something in the form
Code:
konqueror file:///path/to/some/dir
depending on the browser commonly used by your desktop manager (e.g. konqueror in KDE, nautilus in GNOME, and so on). You can create an alias for this, too.