Use nfs for going linux to linux. Use samba for going linux to the windows server.
Take a look at this for nfs information:
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO/index.html
Essentially you mount a nfs share with 'mount <ipaddress>:/share/name /mount/point.'
You can bowse and work with windows shares using nautilus or konqueror.
Do take a look at the samba howto (also on tldp.org) for more info on working with linux and windows shares.
To make a particular share automatically mount at boot edit /etc/fstab.