A port is opened when some application is listening on it. That's all there is to it, unless you have a firewall (and you probably should). The Linux firewall program is called iptables, which is a front-end for the netfilter stuff in the kernel. You can learn iptables syntax, and it's actually not that hard -- you can Google for iptables tutorials, however, if you want to get started fast there are a number of GUI front-ends such as guarddog and firestarter. If you are running Fedora, typing system-config-firewall at a terminal as root should bring up a little graphical tool to manage the firewall.
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