Assuming you can ssh to the machine, and allow X forwarding with your sshd config, and have ssh set the Xauthority file, you could also ssh and execute xmessage, or kdialog or something. That's bound to really annoy the users
For all of these ssh-based alert, you've got a scalability problem. ssh handshakes make quite a lot of load on both parties, so if you're sending to a large number of machines fro one machine, the sender will get hammered quite heavily.