In virtualbox you will be assigned a virtual drive. In that respect when installing centos it will see that specific virtual drive as if it is a sata drive. You do not need to explicitly need the sata drives connected on the hypervisor.
Just treat the virtual disk assigned by virtual box as if a real disk.
By default centos install usig lvm unless told otherwise. So if you want to do some testing from scratch, you can use virtualbox to assign another virtual disk to the virtual machine and try adding that to volumes etc. The red hat manuals have lots of information about lvm and how to work with them, so head over to their docimentation and start from there.
You can assign a physical disk to a virtual machine but i would have no idea if that is possible or how to do with virtualbox.
If you use kvm which comes with default with centos it is pretty straight forward, but i recommend while playing with it, use virtual disks without data you wish to keep. They are easier to assign and destroy.
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