Your iptables rules should only contain referneces to the WAN interface (eth0) and your external interface. All you need to do is replace the NIC and ensure that it is still labeled eth0 afterwards, and still has the same TCP/IP configuration afterwards also.
Take a look at /etc/modules.conf. This file contains a mapping from a certain kernel module (which is assocated with a certain piece of hardware) to a certain interface device name.
If you are replacing the NIC with the same exact Make & Model, you won't have any problems and the system brobably will never know the difference. If you are changing the NIC out with a different Make or Model, the new NIC might use a different kernel module and your /etc/modules.conf will need to be updated to reflect the change to the new NIC.
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