There's a detailed article on this at
www.xs4all.nl/~zweije/xauth.html I think Peter was probably right at the outset. I didn't have X forwarding properly set up.
I can now access individual X applications as I was doing initially. However, I can't set up the systems so as to obtain a graphical login on the local workstation. There was an article I came across some time ago at
www.penguinmagazine.com (sadly not available) which suggested that the following command should work:
X -query remotesystemname
This starts up the X server, presumably on the remote system, but without presenting me with the graphical logon screen.
Any ideas?