One possibility is excessive buffering -- search for "bufferbloat" to get all the gory details, but the gist of it is that too much buffering capacity can effectively disable TCP's congestion and capacity feedback mechanisms. One way you can ameliorate that is to find a node you control and throttle the buffering there. But if there's real congestion combined with excess buffer capacity, particularly at a node that has a big step-down in bandwidth (like your ISP's link to you), it's going to be difficult.
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