I just recently had same issue installing Debian Stretch on an MSI laptop with GeForce GTX 970M graphics card. This laptop you have has a GeForce GTX 860M.
It appears to be a problem with the default "nouveau" driver xorg will use.
The fix: edit /etc/default/grub
After installation completes and it's time to reboot, boot up the installation medium again and select more/advanced options in the grub menu that appears and select "graphical rescue mode". The installer will appear to go through the installation process again but that is not the case, continue inputting the same answers as you did in the original installation. Eventually you will need to pick the partition you installed root on, if you installed UEFI mode, the partitions will start with nvme or similar and the number of the partition is in order of creation not in order of placement on the drive. If you pick the wrong one it'll error and give you the option to select another partition, eventually it will like your pick. You will have about five options, select "open shell in the partition" or similar.
At the prompt type --->#
nano /etc/default/grub
Remove "quiet" and replace with "nouveau.modeset=0" as in the example below highlighted in red.
Quote:
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=nouveau.modeset=0
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
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After editing, hit keys ctrl and the letter o at the same time, you will see a prompt highlighted asking to save the file to original name, hit enter/return key to accept, hit ctrl and the letter x at the same time to close nano.
Now issue command --->#
update-grub to update grub.conf, when prompt return issue command --->#
exit.
At the rescue menu, scroll down to the last option to reboot, pull out the installation medium and boot up the new installation.