There is quite some documentation on the pilot-link in Linux. You can google for that, this would be a good starting point
http://www.pilot-link.org/
before you can sync you need to check a few things,
after you connect your Tungsten to the computer (even before you hit hotsync) what are the messages you notice in dmesg (if you are new to linux, you can type dmesg on the console)
this should give information regarding your palm being recognised on the computer. you could post relevant parts of dmesg if you cannot understand that.
there is a better way to debug the connection with the palm
try this on the console
pilot-xfer -l -p /dev/ttyUSB1
this should list all the databases installed. I use a zire 72 so I have a USB connection. Not sure about Tungsten though.
Valerie