You'll likely wind up replacing most of kernel/sched.c. I think that file has all of the base scheduling functions called by the rest of the kernel. The main guts of the algorithm are in the schedule function, which is pretty simple. To be honest, the source itself augmented by the Love book and the O'Reilly Linux Kernel Development, 3rd edition are probably your best sources of info. Writing an RT scheduler is fairly tough, though. I know there are some soft RT schedulers for Linux -- you might want to look at them.
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