Sound is a very peculiar thing in the sense that newbies have all kinds of problems and it's so easy for experienced users that it's really difficult to figure out what the newbie's issue is.
I use Gnome, but I know that aRts is running because when I use a KDE app, I hear all these garish noises. The System sounds are served up by aRts, but Movies, CDs, atc., need to be handled by Alsa.
In the GUI menues are multimedia setting applications. I think there have been rare occasions when I had to tweak them a little bit, but I have done many Etch installations on many different computers, both laptops and desktops, and very rarely is there any problem at all. The trouble shooting sequence should go like this:
Code:
# lspci | grep audio
# lsmod | grep snd
# aptitude (or apt-get) install alsa-base alsa-utils
# alsaconf
...and start listening.
If nothing shows up on the lspci query, you have hardware problems. If nothing shows up on the lsmod query, you have driver problems. Assuming those are OK, and alsaconf recognized the card, the only thing left is sound mixer problems for which there are quite a few solutions, including alsamixergui.