Things to check. Have a look at the lights on each card. Most have a green light to show when they are connected. Your router probably also has lights to show connectivity. Are all the lights on? If not, that is a good place to start.
Next, can one machine get to the internet? If yes, take any other ethernet cables, swap one at a time and verify you do not have bad cables. Simple things first.
If all is O.K. so far, then run some commands on your linux system, and post the results.
Run '/sbin/ifconfig' This will show your interfaces, and some useful information about them.
Run 'netstat -r' and post the results. This will show the routing table in linux. Your gateway should show up. All commands without the quotes.
Your ping of 127.0.0.1 is the local loopback interface, and does not verify your card is O.K. That runs internally in the TCP/IP stack. Try a ping of 10.0.0.5 that should work also.
Only other thing, I'm not sure of. You are using 10.x.y.z addresses. These are private class A addresses. Usually a mask of 255.0.0.0 is used. I think it will not cause a problem, but not sure. If all else fails, try changing to addresses of 192.168.x.y and a mask of 255.255.255.0. The x should be the same on all systems. Y is different by machine. Your router needs to support NAT, most do, if you have at least one system that can reach outside the 10.0.0. subnet, then you do not need to worry about this.
Post back what you find.
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