You can use the "taskset" utility for this job.
Or, and I think it's simpler, use the command "nice" to lower the priority to specific processes.
For instance, when compiling a kernel, I use the command "nice -n19 make -3", to compile using three processes at a time. But, as I specify "-19", these processes will only use the CPUs' time that's not used by other processes, thus they basically do not disturb my job.
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