Read the wine documentation (winehq.com); that can explain everything much better than I can, about wine. Try getting the Adobe Acrobat Reader (the win98 version should be good) and install that to test your installation of wine.
BTW, using RPMs didn't work for me, the only way I got wine running was to compile it from source. RPMs are easier and faster, but sometimes they just don't work, for me anyway.
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After installing something, it should be in the menus (might need to logout and then in again, or run MenuEditor [in KDE, right click on the little K in the lefthand corner of the taskbar] and just save without making any change to update the menus).
If it's not, you can probably find the executable for a program in /usr/bin.
Or open a terminal and type the name of the program, usually that opens it.
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You'll get used to the filesystem arrangement once you learn what all of it is. Soon it will probably make more sense to you than the Windows layout does!
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I did a quick Google, maybe this would be able to read your Linux partition from Windows if you are using ext2 or ext3? There might be better tools, Google a bit to see what you can find.
http://uranus.it.swin.edu.au/~jn/linux/explore2fs.htm
It's not safe (yet) to write to your Linux partition from Windows though.
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Hope all of that made sense...