If it's really really important data, stop using the drive and take it to a professional and pay for the recovery. In any event, don't write to the disk at all or you'll possibly destroy data.
Otherwise, here are the steps I usually take:
1) boot a linux live CD (knoppix or system rescue CD are my choice) and make an image of the entire hard drive using dd onto another drive in my linux machine.
2) Run
testdisk (which I think is on the Knoppix Live CD, and if not, probably on
System Rescue CD) on the image, which may allow you to recreate the partition table. If this works, I usually then try running testdisk on the actual disk.
3) If you still can't mount and navigate the disk, run file recovery programs like
PhotoRec and/or
foremost on the drive image.
Usually testdisk does wonders on a drive that isn't damaged. On damaged drives, usually I end up getting a lot of photos and documents back with photorec and foremost.
Good Luck!