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The /var directory is where log files are maintained. You'd most likely want to inspect /var/log, look for files called 'messages, localmessages, etc' which you can read. You can use any text editor, or, from the command line, use the 'cat' command, as in: cat /var/log/messages | less. Piping the command through less will allow you to see one screenfull at a time, and you can navigate forward and backward. It will be a long file unless you are doing regular cleanup of log files.
You may also want to inspect /var/mail. When errors occur, the system sends mail to either the user who is logged in, or to the sysadmin (root). You should be able to read the mail to user, but to read the mail for root, you may have to su to root (the command is 'su', then you will be prompted for the root password). Then you can do the cat command to read the mail to root.
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