Yes sir, there is much that recurs.

It's all very similar to one's own mind. To know English is to know law, medicine, business, warfare, electronics, marketing, psychology, machining, welding, automechanics, aviation, space travel, C, Linux, and most importantly...

PEOPLE!

People made all of these things in their own image. Instead of saying, "I want to do these things," they were simply done. Usually without much of a clue as to how anything actually worked.

Get a firm grasp on that one, and you'll realize "needing a job" isn't necessarily the right answer...
You need work, and to work, you must go and do.

You already have all of the tools necessary to do anything you can come up with. If you can't come up with anything, it's because you're not trying.

Depends on what I am doing. In my current project, I am using C and C++, with a bit of assembler as required. In the last project I did that was along the same lines, it was C, assembler, PHP, and C#.

Websites? PHP or Perl (I prefer PHP). Scientific programming? C, C++, or Fortran.

Other languages as required for specific projects.

what you get from learning assembly is a deep understanding of how computers and the logic there built from work
programming (of any kind) forces you to think in steps so dose math
it's not so much what you know it's what you understand
if you understand how things work it helps in remembering the details
it also helps you add to the details you already know
if you don't have an over all understanding you have information not knowledge
with computers like any thing else you only work on one small part at a time

i took an operating systems course in college that was my epiphany on 'how computers work'.

mit has a course on academicearth on operating systems. that mite help you with your understanding.

I agree. I greatly increased my understanding of computers and software in general when I began studying operating systems. In my case it was DEC RSX-11M and VAX/VMS that I studied in order to write and maintain drivers.

Fundamental? Well, how's that electricity? Last I heard you need electricity to do jack squat with your PC.

basically all what you need is to memorize all the info in the following sites :

http://www.pcguide.com/
http://www.tomshardware.com/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/
http://www.linuxquestions.org/

then it is all done !

Most basic thing you need to know abt Computers - You need to turn the power on before you can use it!

Most basic thing you need to know abt Linux - It is a software!